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In the field of architecture and interior design, light is not simply a functional element; it is the tool capable of modifying the perception of space, creating atmospheres, and guiding the user’s experience. However, to master light, it is essential to have a deep understanding of the types of luminaires available on the market and how each one interacts with the environment.
For professionals in the sector —architects, interior designers, and specifiers—, choosing the right luminaire goes beyond aesthetics. It involves understanding photometry, the ingress protection (IP) rating, color temperature, and the color rendering index (CRI). At Insolit, as manufacturers specialized in high-end technical and decorative lighting, we understand that each project demands a specific solution.
In this article, we break down the different types of luminaires according to their installation, function, and location, integrating solutions from our catalog that exemplify excellence in design and manufacturing.
Classification according to installation type
The way in which a luminaire is integrated into the architecture defines the character of the space. A sculptural piece that dominates the center of a room is not the same as a technical projector that seeks to go unnoticed.
Pendant luminaires: Hierarchy and volume
Suspended luminaires are often the protagonists of design. Their function is twofold: to illuminate the work surface (such as a dining table or a kitchen island) and to provide volume to the air space of the room.
In double-height spaces or large receptions, it is vital to have pieces that fill the void without overwhelming. Here, the TR Huge stands out, an enormous circular luminaire made of curved aluminum profile that offers an imposing presence with direct light. Its customization capacity allows it to be adapted to large-scale projects.
For more linear and minimalist designs, the combination of direct and indirect light is a trend. The TR Line & Up model integrates focal projectors to accentuate surfaces while bathing the ceiling with diffuse light, balancing contrasts.
If we are looking for a more ethereal and sophisticated aesthetic, the use of noble materials such as glass is fundamental. The Focus Line Pendant, with its decorative optical borosilicate glass and machined aluminum body, is the perfect example of how a technical luminaire can be transformed into a decorative jewel.
Ceiling and surface luminaires: Versatility and integration
When ceiling height is limited or a clean aesthetic is sought, ceiling luminaires are the preferred choice. Within the types of ceiling luminaires, we distinguish between recessed, surface-mounted, and track systems.
Track systems, especially low voltage (48V) ones, are the favorite solution of contemporary architects due to their flexibility. The Stick Track System 48v allows combining accent projectors with diffuse light lines, adapting to changes in furniture layout without the need for new construction.
For surface installations where recessing is not possible, the “canister” or exposed cylinder aesthetic adds rhythm to the ceiling. The Stick Ceiling, with its deep matte black anti-glare design and slender stem, offers exceptional visual comfort (low UGR), ideal for hotels and luxury residences.
Wall sconces: Washers and signage
Vertical lighting is crucial for defining the limits of space. Sconces can function as general, accent, or reading light.
In the bedroom, functionality is key. The Spy model combines an adjustable direct reading light with a general indirect light, solving all headboard needs in a single piece. Similarly, the Stick Bed offers a minimalist and adjustable aesthetic for nighttime reading.
For more dramatic and decorative effects, luminaires such as Plaqué play with depth and shadows, allowing for wall compositions that function as light art even when turned off.
Floor luminaires: Sculpture and flexibility
Floor lamps are mobile elements that allow for modifying the atmosphere of a room without fixed electrical installation. They are perfect for creating reading corners or providing soft ambient light.
We highlight the innovation of the Inside Tensor model. This luminaire defies gravity with a floor-to-ceiling (or wall) tensioner system, providing lateral indirect light that washes the wall uniformly. It is a technical solution that becomes an architectural element.
For a more classic presence but with a contemporary twist, the Glass Floor uses a fluted glass tube that diffuses light, creating an elegant and timeless luminous totem.
Portable and table luminaires
The “nomad” trend in design has driven the development of high-quality battery-powered luminaires. Among the most demanded types of luminaires in hospitality and terraces are portable ones.
La Basic and the LC (the latter with an integrated candle holder) are examples of how machined aluminum and LED technology come together to offer warm, dimmable light anywhere, without cables.
Classification by lighting function
Understanding the light effect is as important as the physical luminaire. Below, we categorize according to photometric distribution.
Direct and Accent light
It is used to highlight objects, textures, or work areas. It requires precise optics and glare control. The Focus Line family is the specialist in this field. From the Focus Line Micro for showcases and small details, to the Focus Line Track for art galleries or retail, these luminaires allow the light beam to be directed exactly where it is needed.
Indirect and Ambient light
Look for comfort and visual spaciousness by bouncing light off ceilings or walls. Insolit’s TR collection is an expert in this. Models like the TR Up or the TR Wall emit light towards architectural surfaces, softening shadows and expanding spatial perception.
Diffused light
Provides general and homogeneous lighting. The use of gel polycarbonate diffusers or fluted glass, as in the Glass Table, ensures that the light source is not directly visible, avoiding glare and creating a relaxed atmosphere.
Luminaires according to the environment and degree of protection (IP)
A common mistake in prescription is not considering the appropriate protection index (IP) for each area. The types of luminaires must be rigorously selected depending on whether they will be indoors, outdoors, or in damp areas.
Bathroom Lighting (Wet Zone)
In bathrooms, safety and resistance to moisture are paramount (minimum IP44 in certain zones). However, safety should not conflict with design.
The TR Moon is a perfect “all-in-one” solution for high-standing bathrooms. It integrates a circular mirror with dimmable perimeter light and IP44 protection. Its front light is ideal for personal grooming as it does not create shadows on the face.
For spotlighting in bathrooms, the Focus Line IP 44 allows the technical aesthetic of the rest of the home to be brought into the bathroom, maintaining the necessary tightness against splashes.
Outdoor Lighting and Landscaping
The exterior demands robustness. Materials must resist corrosion, UV rays, and the ingress of water and dust (IP65 or higher). Anodized aluminum and AISI 316 stainless steel are standards at Insolit.
For lighting paths or highlighting low vegetation, bollards are essential. The Banus luminaire and its double version Banus Twice offer unique versatility: they are adjustable micro-projectors that function as pathway lighting. This allows not only for marking the path, but also for directing the light towards nearby shrubs or stone textures.
For larger trees or facades, stake or “spike” projectors are required. The Focus Line Spike or the Focus Line Floor Spike allow the luminaire to be driven directly into the ground, facilitating its relocation as the garden grows and changes.
The importance of the light source and materiality
When talking about types of luminaires, we cannot ignore their heart: the light source. At Insolit, we commit to high-quality LED technology.
Integrated LED vs. GU10 Retrofit
There are two philosophies. Luminaires with integrated LED (PCB designed by Insolit) allow for more slender designs and optimized specific wattages, as we see in the Stick or TR collection. They guarantee perfect thermal management and a long service life.
On the other hand, the versatility of the replaceable GU10 bulb is still valued for its ease of maintenance. Models such as the Focus Line (in its ceiling, wall, or track versions) are designed to house these bulbs, allowing the user to change the color temperature or beam angle simply by replacing the lamp, without touching the installation.
Materials and Finishes
The durability of a luminaire depends on its construction. The use of machined and extruded aluminum not only provides a premium aesthetic and a solid feel, but also acts as a heat sink for the LED, extending its service life.
Customization is a pillar at Insolit. The ability to offer finishes in matte black anodized, white lacquered, champagne, or customized colors allows the luminaire to blend in with the architecture or, conversely, contrast with it according to the designer’s intent.
We help you choose between the different types of luminaires
Choosing between the different types of luminaires is an exercise in balancing technique, aesthetics, and functionality. Whether it is a technical projector for a store, a portable lamp for a restaurant, or a large suspension for a hotel lobby, each piece must respond to a clear purpose.
At Insolit, we design and manufacture in Barcelona with the demanding specifier in mind. Our collections are not just objects, they are light tools prepared to integrate into the most ambitious projects. We invite you to explore our full catalog and discover how our customizable solutions can elevate your next project.
Frequently asked questions about types of luminaires
What types of luminaires exist?
Mainly, luminaires are classified according to their installation and function as: Suspension luminaires (pendants), ceiling luminaires (surface-mounted, recessed, and tracks), wall luminaires (sconces), floor lamps, table lamps, and portables. They are also divided by their location into indoor and outdoor luminaires (which require special IP protection ratings).
What are the 4 types of lighting?
In lighting design, we distinguish four layers or types of light:
- General lighting (Ambient): Provides uniform visibility throughout the space (e.g., TR Moon or Stick Line).
- Task Lighting (Focal): Directed light for performing specific activities such as reading or cooking (e.g., Focus Line or Spy).
- Accent lighting: It is used to highlight architectural objects, art, or textures (e.g., Focus Line Micro).
- Decorative lighting: Where the luminaire is an aesthetic object in itself, beyond the light it emits (e.g., Glass Floor).
What are the 4 types of light sources?
Historically and technically, light sources are grouped into:
- Incandescent: Traditional filament bulbs (obsolete due to low efficiency).
- Halogen: An evolution of incandescent bulbs with better color rendering but high energy consumption.
- Fluorescent (and compact): Gas discharge lamps, efficient but with limitations in regulation and light quality.
- LED (Light Emitting Diode): The current dominant technology. It offers maximum efficiency, long service life, a variety of color temperatures, dimming capabilities, and compact design, such as the PCBs used by Insolit.
What are the 3 types of lamps?
Although the term “lamp” can refer to the bulb or the fixture (luminaire), in the context of current light sources, three main technologies are usually highlighted due to their market relevance:
- LED Lamps: The most widely used for sustainability and versatility.
- Discharge lamps: (Such as metal halide or sodium), still used in industrial or old street lighting, although being replaced by LED.
Halogen lamps: Still present in certain decorative niches for their warmth, although regulatorily restricted in favor of LED.
